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The History of Language Processor Technology in IBM

From IBM
The History of Language Processor Technology in IBM is written by F. E. Allen. The history of language processor technology in IBM is described in this paper. Most of the paper is devoted to compiler technology; interpreters, assemblers, and macro systems are discussed briefly. The emphasis is on scientific contributions tions and technological advances from a historical perspective. The synergistic relationship between theory and practice is a sub theme.
Introduction
In 1953 IBM introduced an early “automatic-programming” system: Speed code for the IBM 701 computer. The goal of the system was to [l] “. . . lessen the enormous burdens of the programmer by providing a larger and more convenient instruction repertoire than a given machine provides.” In the same paper John Backus and Harlan Herrick go on to state: “There are two principal methods by which automatic-programming systems make these non machine operations available to the programmer: the interpretive method and the compiling method.” In the almost 30 years that have intervened since these observations were first made, methods for
solving “the programming problem” have become more diverse and sophisticated, but the basic problem remains. Language processors-compilers, interpreters, macro systems, and assemblers-are still the principal methods used. In this paper we trace the history of IBM’s contributions to the techniques used in today’s language processors. The paper concentrates on IBM’s scientific and technological contributions, covering only widely used, general purpose techniques or those of particular scientific or historical interest....
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Download Free Compiler Design Ebooks

This post aid you to get free ebooks on compiler design, lex, yaac, parser generators, automata lanuguages, automata techniques, advanced programming language design, Yacc, compiler construction phases, compiler construction using Bison, flex lexical analyser, compiler design and implementation techniques, modern compiler design techniques, etc
This free compiler design ebooks guides you to lex, yaac, compiler construction, language design, bison, behavioral compilers, compiler design and implementation, flex, lexical analysis, automata techniques, etc.
The following are the free compiler design ebooks provided by this site.
  1. A Compact Guide to Lex & Yacc By Tom Niemann
  2. Advanced Compiler Construction By Professor Keith D. Cooper and Dr. Timothy J. Harvey
  3. Advanced Programming Language Design By Raphael A. Finkel
  4. Behavioral Compiler Tutorial
  5. Bison The YACC-compatible Parser Generator by Charles Donnelly and Richard Stallman
  6. Compiler Construction - Bison 2.3 Manual
  7. Compiler Construction By Niklaus Wirth
  8. Compiler Construction using Flex and Bison By Anthony Aaby
  9. Compiler Design and Implementation By Johan E. Thelin
  10. Compilers and Compiler Generators an introduction with C++ By P.D. Terry
  11. Compilers: Backend to Frontend and Back to Front Again By Abdulaziz Ghuloum
  12. Design and Evaluation of a Compiler Algorithm for Prefetching
  13. Debugging Lex, Yacc
  14. Flex - fast lexical analyzer generator
  15. Flex, version 2.5 - A fast scanner generator By Vern Paxson
  16. How to Write a Simple Parser by Ashim Gupta
  17. Learning compiler design as a research activity By Francisco Moreno-Seco, Mikel L. Forcada
  18. Let's Build a Compiler by Jack Crenshaw
  19. Lex - A Lexical Analyzer Generator By M. E. Lesk and E. Schmidt
  20. Lex and YACC primer/HOWTO By bert hubert
  21. Principles of Compiler Design
  22. The GENTLE Compiler Construction System By Friedrich Wilhelm Schröer, R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich and Vienna
  23. Therobs Lex & Yacc Examples and Download Links
  24. Tree Automata Techniques and Applications
  25. Yacc: Yet Another Compiler-Compiler By Stephen C. Johnson

Compiler Construction - Bison 2.3 Manual

Bison is a general-purpose parser generator that converts an annotated context-free grammar into an LALR(1) or GLR parser for that grammar. Once you are proficient with Bison, you can use it to develop a wide range of language parsers, from those used in simple desk calculators to complex programming languages.
Bison is upward compatible with Yacc: all properly-written Yacc grammars ought to work with Bison with no change. Anyone familiar with Yacc should be able to use Bison with little trouble. You need to be fluent in C or C++ programming in order to use Bison or to understand this manual.
We begin with tutorial chapters that explain the basic concepts of using Bison and show three explained examples, each building on the last. If you don't know Bison or Yacc, start by reading these chapters. Reference chapters follow which describe specific aspects of Bison in detail.
Bison was written primarily by Robert Corbett; Richard Stallman made it Yacc-compatible. Wilfred Hansen of Carnegie Mellon University added multi-character string literals and other features.
This edition corresponds to version 2.3 of Bison.
The distribution terms for Bison-generated parsers permit using the parsers in nonfree programs. Before Bison version 2.2, these extra permissions applied only when Bison was generating LALR(1) parsers in C. And before Bison version 1.24, Bison-generated parsers could be used only in programs that were free software.
The other GNU programming tools, such as the GNU C compiler, have never had such a requirement. They could always be used for nonfree software. The reason Bison was different was not due to a special policy decision; it resulted from applying the usual General Public License to all of the Bison source code.
The output of the Bison utility—the Bison parser file—contains a verbatim copy of a sizable piece of Bison, which is the code for the parser's implementation. (The actions from your grammar are inserted into this implementation at one point, but most of the rest of the implementation is not changed.) When we applied the GPL terms to the skeleton code for the parser's implementation, the effect was to restrict the use of Bison output to free software.
We didn't change the terms because of sympathy for people who want to make software proprietary. Software should be free. But we concluded that limiting Bison's use to free software was doing little to encourage people to make other software free. So we decided to make the practical conditions for using Bison match the practical conditions for using the other GNU tools.
This exception applies when Bison is generating code for a parser. You can tell whether the exception applies to a Bison output file by inspecting the file for text beginning with “As a special exception...”. The text spells out the exact terms of the exception.
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