Free Compiler Design Ebooks & Book Reviews

Compiler Design PDF Ebooks and Notes

Here we are providing with Free PDF Notes and books for Compiler Design. Topics covered in these notes are Compiler design in C, Compiler design phases, Lexer and Parser, Code Generators, Tools, Flex, Lex, Yacc, Bison, Burg, iBurg, Complex Code generation, BF compiler, Stack Machines and LL parsers, Modern Compiler design, Top-down Parsing techniques, etc. Moreover we are providing you with various Compiler design course information.

You can download or read online the following compiler design/construction PDF books and notes.

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Other Compiler Design Ebooks (25 + ebooks)

The History of Language Processor Technology in IBM

From IBM

The History of Language Processor Technology in IBM is written by F. E. Allen. The history of language processor technology in IBM is described in this paper. Most of the paper is devoted to compiler technology; interpreters, assemblers, and macro systems are discussed briefly. The emphasis is on scientific contributions tions and technological advances from a historical perspective. The synergistic relationship between theory and practice is a sub theme.

Introduction
In 1953 IBM introduced an early “automatic-programming” system: Speed code for the IBM 701 computer. The goal of the system was to [l] “. . . lessen the enormous burdens of the programmer by providing a larger and more convenient instruction repertoire than a given machine provides.” In the same paper John Backus and Harlan Herrick go on to state: “There are two principal methods by which automatic-programming systems make these non machine operations available to the programmer: the interpretive method and the compiling method.” In the almost 30 years that have intervened since these observations were first made, methods for
solving “the programming problem” have become more diverse and sophisticated, but the basic problem remains. Language processors-compilers, interpreters, macro systems, and assemblers-are still the principal methods used. In this paper we trace the history of IBM’s contributions to the techniques used in today’s language processors. The paper concentrates on IBM’s scientific and technological contributions, covering only widely used, general purpose techniques or those of particular scientific or historical interest....

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This post aid you to get free ebooks on compiler design, lex, yaac, parser generators, automata lanuguages, automata techniques, advanced programming language design, Yacc, compiler construction phases, compiler construction using Bison, flex lexical analyser, compiler design and implementation techniques, modern compiler design techniques, etc

This free compiler design ebooks guides you to lex, yaac, compiler construction, language design, bison, behavioral compilers, compiler design and implementation, flex, lexical analysis, automata techniques, etc.

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Compiler Construction - Bison 2.3 Manual

Bison is a general-purpose parser generator that converts an annotated context-free grammar into an LALR(1) or GLR parser for that grammar. Once you are proficient with Bison, you can use it to develop a wide range of language parsers, from those used in simple desk calculators to complex programming languages.

Bison is upward compatible with Yacc: all properly-written Yacc grammars ought to work with Bison with no change. Anyone familiar with Yacc should be able to use Bison with little trouble. You need to be fluent in C or C++ programming in order to use Bison or to understand this manual.

We begin with tutorial chapters that explain the basic concepts of using Bison and show three explained examples, each building on the last. If you don't know Bison or Yacc, start by reading these chapters. Reference chapters follow which describe specific aspects of Bison in detail.

Bison was written primarily by Robert Corbett; Richard Stallman made it Yacc-compatible. Wilfred Hansen of Carnegie Mellon University added multi-character string literals and other features.

This edition corresponds to version 2.3 of Bison.

The distribution terms for Bison-generated parsers permit using the parsers in nonfree programs. Before Bison version 2.2, these extra permissions applied only when Bison was generating LALR(1) parsers in C. And before Bison version 1.24, Bison-generated parsers could be used only in programs that were free software.

The other GNU programming tools, such as the GNU C compiler, have never had such a requirement. They could always be used for nonfree software. The reason Bison was different was not due to a special policy decision; it resulted from applying the usual General Public License to all of the Bison source code.

The output of the Bison utility—the Bison parser file—contains a verbatim copy of a sizable piece of Bison, which is the code for the parser's implementation. (The actions from your grammar are inserted into this implementation at one point, but most of the rest of the implementation is not changed.) When we applied the GPL terms to the skeleton code for the parser's implementation, the effect was to restrict the use of Bison output to free software.

We didn't change the terms because of sympathy for people who want to make software proprietary. Software should be free. But we concluded that limiting Bison's use to free software was doing little to encourage people to make other software free. So we decided to make the practical conditions for using Bison match the practical conditions for using the other GNU tools.
This exception applies when Bison is generating code for a parser. You can tell whether the exception applies to a Bison output file by inspecting the file for text beginning with “As a special exception...”. The text spells out the exact terms of the exception.

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The GENTLE Compiler Construction System

By Friedrich Wilhelm Schröer, R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich and Vienna

The GENTLE Compiler Construction System is available in two editions:

GENTLE 97 was published in 1997 together with the first edition of this manual (Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich and Vienna, 1997)
GENTLE 21 is distributed since 2001 by Metarga and is continuously maintained according to the requirements of its users

This manual covers the common functionality of both editions.

However, GENTLE 21 provides additional features such as a powerful parsing strategy that overcomes the limitations of Yacc, iteration statements that simplify the traversal of data structures, a compact notation to embed target text into code generation rules, and more. These extensions are described in a companion manual.

Gentle provides a uniform framework for specifying the components of a compiler.

The Gentle language was designed around a specific paradigm: recursive definition and structural induction. Input and internal data structures are defined by listing alternative ways to construct items from given constituents. Then the properties of these items are described by giving rules for the possible alternatives. These rules recursively follow the structure of items by processing their constituents. Experience has shown that this is the underlying paradigm of virtually all translation tasks.

The same concepts apply to analysis, transformation, and synthesis. They can be used to describe the backend of a compiler as a simple unparsing scheme such as sufficies for most source-to-source translations. They can also be used to specify a cost-augmented mapping to a low-level language which is used for optimal rule selection.

The rule-based approach follows the principle of locality: complex interactions are avoided and a system can be understood by understanding small pieces in isolation. Individual constructs are described independently.

The paradigm leads to a data-oriented methodology: the structure of data is mirrored by the structure of algorithms. This methodology proves to be a useful guideline in compiler projects.

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Behavioral Compiler Tutorial

This tutorial is an introduction to the Synopsys Behavioral Compiler. It shows you the advantages of technology-independent and architecture-independent behavioral designing methodology and

How to start and use Behavioral Compiler
How to use BCView to graphically analyze a design
How to code for synthesis
How to simulate a design for pre-synthesis and post-synthesis verification

The estimated completion time for the tutorial is 1 to 3 hours. After completing this introduction to Behavioral Compiler, you can take the Synopsys 3 or 4 day class to learn about behavioral synthesis in greater depth.

Two excellent reference books on behavioral synthesis are the following:

Understanding Behavioral Synthesis, A Practical Guide to High Level Design by John P Elliott; Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN 0-7923-8542-X
Behavioral Synthesis, Digital System Design Using the Synopsys Behavioral Compiler by David W. Knapp, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-569252-0

Optimal Use of the TutorialFor optimal use of the tutorial, display the tutorial and run Behavioral Compiler on the same UNIX workstation. This gives you the advantage of copying and pasting examples and commands from the tutorial into the Behavioral Compiler command line interface (bc_shell).

Behavioral Compiler Inputs and Outputs

The following drawing illustrates the inputs you provide to Behavioral Compiler, user-created Verilog or VHDL designs, user-defined constraints (timing, area, throughput, etc), and data from a technology library and [optionally] a DesignWare library. Behavioral Compiler creates output RTL and HDL files for synthesis and simulation. Behavioral Compiler also provides reports and the Behavioral Compiler View tool for design analysis prior to simulation.

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Compiler Design and Implementation

By Johan E. Thelin

I've begun designing my own compiler lately after reading 'Let's Build a Compiler' by Crenshaw (see links). This page will contain the compiler source code, a text concerning the implementation of each part (the compiler will be created gradually) and useful links concerning compilers, compiler design, and other close subjects (OS specifics, hardware specifics, etc.). I hope that you will enjoy reading this page.

This tutorial is written 'as I go'. It is strongly influenced by 'Let's Build a Compiler' but is also flavored by myself. The language defined is a pseudo-pascal with the following features:
The variable types word and byte.

No automatic type conversion, i.e. control.
The control structures if-else, while-wend and repeat-until.
Support of the following unary operators +,- and the following binary operators +,-,/,* and parenthesis.The language supports functions and procedures (even recursive ones).
Other thing that we find necessary later.

Chapter I - How is the compiler supposed to work and how should the language look?
Chapter II - Let's get Compiling
Chapter III - Get the Compiler Counting
Chapter IV - Our First Control Structure
Chapter V - Variables, Procedures and Functions
Chapter VI - More About Variables, Procedures and Functions

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Advanced Compiler Construction

By Professor Keith D. Cooper and Dr. Timothy J. Harvey

This advanced compiler construction ebook describes compiler design techniques in a wonderful way. Following are the various compiler construction topics covered in this ebook.

Introduction to Optimization
The Fortran H Compiler
Value Numbering as an Introduction to Optimization,
Global Analysis (& Optimization)
More on Data-flow Analysis
Allen-Cocke Interval Analysis
Proliferation of Data-flow Analysis Problems
Static Single Assignment Form
Using SSA: Dead Code Elimination and Constant Propagation
Order from Chaos: The COMP 512 Taxonomy
Profile-guided Code Positioning
CLEAN: Removing Useless Control Flow
Operator Strength Reduction
Lazy Code Motion
Algebraic Reassociation of Expressions
Code Replication
Code Motion of Control Structures
Optimization of Range Checking
IBM's PL.8 Compiler
Compiling for Reduced Energy Consumption
Register Allocation Via Graph Coloring
Instruction Scheduling: Introduction & Local List Scheduling
Instruction Scheduling: Randomization, Register Pressure, and More,
Balanced scheduling
Instruction Scheduling: Software Pipelining
Instruction Scheduling: More Software Pipelining and Other Superlocal Techniques
Ten Hardware Features that Affect Optimization
Register Allocation via Hierarchical Graph Coloring
Interprocedural Analysis and Optimization
Dynamic Compilation in an OOL: The Deutsch-Schiffman Impementation of Smalltalk-80
Dynamic (or runtime) Optimization

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Design and Evaluation of a Compiler Algorithm for Prefetching

By Todd C. Mowry, Monica S. Lam and Anoop Gupta

Software-controlled data prefetching is a promising technique for improving the performance of the memory subsystem to match today's high-performance processors. While prefetching is useful in hiding the latency, issuing prefetches incurs an instruction overhead and can increase the load on the memory subsystem. As a result, care must be taken to ensure that such overheads do not exceed the bene ts.

This paper proposes a compiler algorithm to insert prefetch instructions into code that operates on dense matrices. Our algorithm identi es those references that are likely to be cache misses, and issues prefetches only for them. We have implemented our algorithm in the SUIF (Stanford University Intermediate Form) optimizing compiler. By generating fully functional code, we have been able to measure not only the improvements in cache miss rates, but also the overall performance of a simulated system. We show that our algorithm signi cantly improves the execution speed of our benchmark programssome of the programs improve by as much as a factor of two. When compared to an algorithm that indiscriminately prefetches all array accesses, our algorithm can eliminate many of the unnecessary prefetches without any signi cant decrease in the coverage of the cache misses.

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Learning compiler design as a research activity

By Francisco Moreno-Seco, Mikel L. Forcada

This paper describes the application of a pedagogical model called "learning as a research activity" [D. Gil-P'erez and J. Carrascosa-Alis, Science Education 78 (1994) 301{315] to teach a two-semester course on compiler design for Computer Engineering students. In the new model, the classical pattern of classroom activity based mainly on one-way knowledge transmission/reception of pre-elaborated concepts is replaced by an active working environment that resembles that of a group of novel researchers under the supervision of an expert. The new model, rooted in the now commonly-accepted constructivist postulates, strives for meaningful acquisition of fundamental concepts through problem solving in close parallelism to their construction through history.

Introduction

This paper describes the implementation of an adapted version of the learning as a research activity model ([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) to the subject of compiler design at the University of Alacant. The need for trying a new teaching model arose two years ago when we con rmed our realization that the combination of classical lecturing of theory and solved problems in the classroom and open laboratory assignments was insufficient for most students to learn the basic skills needed to successfully tackle new problems in the eld. The learning as a research activity model, which has been successfully applied to the teaching of science in secondary school, was adopted, adapted, and applied to our subject. We have found the new model to be more adequate, more successful, and more consistent with an engineering education style.

The classical model used in most universities in Spain to teach computer engineering subjects such as compiler design could be simpli ed (in its extreme form) as follows. In the classroom, the teacher tries his or her best to explain carefully the theoretical and conceptual aspects of the subject, usually assuming but seldom carefully checking that the students are familiar with a set of basic concepts on which the new material is based.

After that, some more lecturing time is devoted to showing, with as much detail as possible, the teacher's or a book's solution to a handful of selected (intendedly representative) problems or exercises. Laboratory work may be organized either around an open or closed structure, but usually consists either in building one or more programs that implement the algorithms and techniques taught in the classroom to solve a set of selected problems or in writing applications according to some speci ed requirements. In addition, the teacher is available during some scheduled office hours to assist students with their personal work.

Of course, signi cant deviations from this simpli ed model are observed: a few students may interact with the teacher during an explanation, usually to ask him to repeat something, or explain some passage better, or to point out a minor blunder; teachers may ask questions to the students to try to make sure that they are following the explanation; the teacher's solution to a given problem may only be explained after students have had some time to think about it, etc.

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Principles of Compiler Design

By Clifford Wolf

In this presentation I will discuss:

A little introduction to Brainf*ck
Components of a compiler, overview
Designing and implementing lexers
Designing and implementing parsers
Designing and implementing code generators
Tools (Lex, bison, iburg, etc.)
Overview of more complex code generators
Abstract syntax trees
Intermediate representations
Basic block analysis
Backpatching
Dynamic programming
Optimizations
Design and implementation of the Brainf*ck Compiler
Implementation of and code generation for stack machines
Design and implementation of the SPL Project
Design and implementation of LL(regex) parsers

After this presentation, the auditors ..

should have a rough idea of how compilers are working.
should be able to implement parsers for complex conguration files.
should be able to implement code-generators for stack machines.
should have a rough idea of code-generation for register machines.

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Compilers and Compiler Generators an introduction with C++

By P.D. Terry

This book has been written to support a practically oriented course in programming language translation for senior undergraduates in Computer Science. More specifically, it is aimed at students who are probably quite competent in the art of imperative programming (for example, in C++, Pascal, or Modula-2), but whose mathematics may be a little weak; students who require only a solid introduction to the subject, so as to provide them with insight into areas of language design and implementation, rather than a deluge of theory which they will probably never use again; students who will enjoy fairly extensive case studies of translators for the sorts of languages with which they are most familiar; students who need to be made aware of compiler writing tools, and to come to appreciate and know how to use them. It will hopefully also appeal to a certain class of hobbyist who wishes to know more about how translators work.

The reader is expected to have a good knowledge of programming in an imperative language and, preferably, a knowledge of data structures. The book is practically oriented, and the reader who cannot read and write code will have difficulty following quite a lot of the discussion. However, it is difficult to imagine that students taking courses in compiler construction will not have that sort of background!

There are several excellent books already extant in this field. What is intended to distinguish this one from the others is that it attempts to mix theory and practice in a disciplined way, introducing the use of attribute grammars and compiler writing tools, at the same time giving a highly practical and pragmatic development of translators of only moderate size, yet large enough to provide considerable challenge in the many exercises that are suggested.

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Compiler Construction

By Niklaus Wirth

This book has emerged from my lecture notes for an introductory course in compiler design at ETH Zürich. Several times I have been asked to justify this course, since compiler design is considered a somewhat esoteric subject, practised only in a few highly specialized software houses. Because nowadays everything which does not yield immediate profits has to be justified, I shall try to explain why I consider this subject as important and relevant to computer science students in general.

It is the essence of any academic education that not only knowledge, and, in the case of an engineering education, know-how is transmitted, but also understanding and insight. In particular, knowledge about system surfaces alone is insufficient in computer science; what is needed is an understanding of contents. Every academically educated computer scientist must know how a computer functions, and must understand the ways and methods in which programs are represented and interpreted. Compilers convert program texts into internal code. Hence they constitute the bridge between software and hardware.

Now, one may interject that knowledge about the method of translation is unnecessary for an understanding of the relationship between source program and object code, and even much less relevant is knowing how to actually construct a compiler. However, from my experience as a teacher, genuine understanding of a subject is best acquired from an in-depth involvement with both concepts and details. In this case, this involvement is nothing less than the construction of an actual compiler.

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Compilers: Backend to Frontend and Back to Front Again

By Abdulaziz Ghuloum

Compilers are percieved to be magical artifacts, carefully crafted by the wizards, and unfathomable by the mere mortals. This paper attempts to dispel this myth. We build a simple compiler for a simple language in a step-by-step fashion. The input language accepted by the compiler starts minimal, and grows as our knowledge of how to build compilers grows. The final language is almost Scheme.

Although the compiler is written in the Scheme programming language, only minimal knowledge of Scheme is required. Essentially, the reader is assumed to be comfortable reading and writing recursive Scheme functions to the level presented in The Little Schemer. Additionally, we recommend the freely available tutorial Teach Yourself Scheme in Fixnum Days for people familiar with other programming languages but not Scheme. The Scheme Programming Language is an invaluable resource for understanding Scheme’s semantics. You will find it most useful when you give up in thinking how list? detects circular data structures.

Our compiler targets the Intel-386 architecture, the dominant architecture for personal computing. The output of our compiler is assembly code that can be assembled by gas, the GNU assembler, which is freely available for most operating systems. No knowledge of assembly language or the Intel-386 architecture is assumed beyond the basics: binary numbers, memory layout, and basic pointers. If you are familiar with arrays in C, and know how the bit-level operations (and, or, xor, and not) work, then you’re good to go.

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Advanced Programming Language Design

By Raphael A. Finkel

This book stems in part from courses taught at the University of Kentucky and at the University of Wisconsin–Madison on programming language design. There are many good books that deal with the subject at an undergraduate level, but there are few that are suitable for a one- semester graduatelevel course. This book is my attempt to fill that gap.

The goal of this course, and hence of this book, is to expose first-year graduate students to a wide range of programming language paradigms and issues, so that they can understand the literature on programming languages and even conduct research in this field. It should improve the students’ appreciation of the art of designing programming languages and, to a limited degree, their skill in programming.

This book does not focus on any one language, or even on a few languages; it mentions, at least in passing, over seventy languages, including wellknown ones (Algol, Pascal, C, C++, LISP, Ada, FORTRAN), important but less known ones (ML, SR, Modula-3, SNOBOL), significant research languages (CLU, Alphard, Linda), and little-known languages with important concepts (Io, Go..del). Several languages are discussed in some depth, primarily to reinforce particular programming paradigms. ML and LISP demonstrate functional programming, Smalltalk and C++ demonstrate object-oriented programming, and Prolog demonstrates logic programming.

Students are expected to have taken an undergraduate course in programming languages before using this book. The first chapter includes a review of much of the material on imperative programming languages that would be covered in such a course. This review makes the book self-contained, and also makes it accessible to advanced undergraduate students.

Most textbooks on programming languages cover the well-trodden areas of the field. In contrast, this book tries to go beyond the standard territory, making brief forays into regions that are under current research or that have been proposed and even rejected in the past. There are many fascinating constructs that appear in very few, if any, production programming languages.

Some (like power loops) should most likely not be included in a programming language. Others (like Io continuations) are so strange that it is not clear how to program with them. Some (APL arrays) show alternative ways to structure languages. These unusual ideas are important even though they do not pass the test of current usage, because they elucidate important aspects of programming language design, and they allow students to evaluate novel concepts.

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Flex - fast lexical analyzer generator

cs.man.ac.uk

Flex is a tool for generating scanners: programs which recognized lexical patterns in text. flex reads the given input files, or its standard input if no file names are given, for a description of a scanner to generate. The description is in the form of pairs of regular expressions and C code, called rules. flex generates as output a C source file, lex.yy.c, which defines a routine yylex(). This file is compiled and linked with the -lfl library to produce an executable. When the executable is run, it analyzes its input for occurrences of the regular expressions. Whenever it finds one, it executes the corresponding C code

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Flex, version 2.5 - A fast scanner generator

By Vern Paxson

This manual describes flex, a tool for generating programs that perform pattern-matching on text. The manual includes both tutorial and reference sections:

Description - a brief overview of the tool
Some Simple Examples
Format Of The Input File
Patterns
the extended regular expressions used by flex
How The Input Is Matched - the rules for determining what has been matched
Actions - how to specify what to do when a pattern is matched
The Generated Scanner - details regarding the scanner that flex produces; how to control the input source
Start Conditions -introducing context into your scanners, and managing "mini-scanners"
Multiple Input Buffers - how to manipulate multiple input sources; how to scan from strings instead of files
End-of-file Rules - special rules for matching the end of the input
Miscellaneous Macros - a summary of macros available to the actions
Values Available To The User - a summary of values available to the actions
Interfacing With Yacc - connecting flex scanners together with yacc parsers
Options - flex command-line options, and the "%option" directive
Performance Considerations - how to make your scanner go as fast as possible
Generating C++ Scanners - the (experimental) facility for generating C++ scanner classes
Incompatibilities With Lex And POSIX - how flex differs from AT&T lex and the POSIX lex standard
Diagnostics - those error messages produced by flex (or scanners it generates) whose meanings might not be apparent
Files - files used by flex
Deficiencies / Bugs - known problems with flex
See Also - other documentation, related tools
Author - includes contact information

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Compiler Construction using Flex and Bison

By Anthony Aaby

A language translator is a program which translates programs from source language into an equivalent program in an object language.

Keywords and phrases: source-language, object-language, syntax-directed, compiler, assembler, linker, loader, parser, scanner, top-down, bottom-up, context-free grammar, regular expressions.

Introduction

A computer constructed from actual physical devices is termed an actual computer or hardware computer. From the programming point of view, it is the instruction set of the hardware that defines a machine. An operating system is built on top of a machine to manage access to the machine and to provide additional services. The services provided by the operating system constitute another machine, a virtual machine.

A programming language provides a set of operations. Thus, for example, it is possible to speak of a Java computer or a Haskell computer. For the programmer, the programming language is the computer; the programming language defines a virtual computer. The virtual machine for Simple consists of a data area which contains the association between variables and values and the program which manipulates the data area.

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Bison The YACC-compatible Parser Generator

by Charles Donnelly and Richard Stallman

Bison is a general-purpose parser generator that converts a grammar description for an LALR(1) context-free grammar into a C program to parse that grammar. Once you are proficient with Bison, you may use it to develop a wide range of language parsers, from those used in simple desk calculators to complex programming languages.

Bison is upward compatible with Yacc: all properly-written Yacc grammars ought to work with Bison with no change. Anyone familiar with Yacc should be able to use Bison with little trouble. You need to be fluent in C programming in order to use Bison or to understand this manual.

Bison was written primarily by Robert Corbett; Richard Stallman made it Yacc-compatible. Wilfred Hansen of Carnegie Mellon University added multicharacter string literals and other features.

This edition corresponds to version 1.25 of Bison.

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Yacc: Yet Another Compiler-Compiler

By Stephen C. Johnson

Computer program input generally has some structure; in fact, every computer program that does input can be thought of as defining an ``input language'' which it accepts. An input language may be as complex as a programming language, or as simple as a sequence of numbers. Unfortunately, usual input facilities are limited, difficult to use, and often are lax about checking their inputs for validity.

Yacc provides a general tool for describing the input to a computer program. The Yacc user specifies the structures of his input, together with code to be invoked as each such structure is recognized. Yacc turns such a specification into a subroutine that handles the input process; frequently, it is convenient and appropriate to have most of the flow of control in the user's application handled by this subroutine.

The input subroutine produced by Yacc calls a user-supplied routine to return the next basic input item. Thus, the user can specify his input in terms of individual input characters, or in terms of higher level constructs such as names and numbers. The user-supplied routine may also handle idiomatic features such as comment and continuation conventions, which typically defy easy grammatical specification.

Yacc is written in portable C. The class of specifications accepted is a very general one: LALR(1) grammars with disambiguating rules.

In addition to compilers for C, APL, Pascal, RATFOR, etc., Yacc has also been used for less conventional languages, including a phototypesetter language, several desk calculator languages, a document retrieval system, and a Fortran debugging system.

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Free Compiler Design Ebooks & Book Reviews

Compiler Design PDF Ebooks and Notes

The History of Language Processor Technology in IBM

Download Free Compiler Design Ebooks

Compiler Construction - Bison 2.3 Manual

The GENTLE Compiler Construction System

Behavioral Compiler Tutorial

Compiler Design and Implementation

Advanced Compiler Construction

Design and Evaluation of a Compiler Algorithm for Prefetching

Learning compiler design as a research activity

Principles of Compiler Design

Compilers and Compiler Generators an introduction with C++

Compiler Construction

Compilers: Backend to Frontend and Back to Front Again

Advanced Programming Language Design

Flex - fast lexical analyzer generator

Flex, version 2.5 - A fast scanner generator

Compiler Construction using Flex and Bison

Bison The YACC-compatible Parser Generator

Yacc: Yet Another Compiler-Compiler

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